Physiological studies showed that rice varieties with Sub1A-1 overproduce the plant hormone ethylene when submerged. Of these genes, Sub1A was the most important factor contributing to submergence tolerance. Three genes, Sub1A, Sub1B, and Sub1C, were found to contribute to flooding tolerance. However, breeders at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) identified a class of ethylene-response-factor-like genes that contribute to flooding tolerance in an Indian rice variety. Most rice cultivars cannot tolerate flooding for more than 1 week ( International Rice Research Institute 2012). The best examples of success in breeding for crop tolerance to flooding are found in rice. Plant breeders are identifying and developing genetic technologies to enhance crop productivity under these conditions as well ( King 2004). With the increased potential for heavier rainfall and hydrological extremes, agricultural areas are susceptible to flooding and ponding. Tuinstra, in Climate Vulnerability, 2013 2.05.3.2 Tolerance to Flooding and Submergence Vulnerability of Food Resources to ClimateĪ.L. It also prepares eviction/demolition lists of shops, houses, and all types of unauthorized structures, as well as lists of roads that are to be raised above the floodwater level ( Parvin & Shaw, 2011). After a flood occurs, DCC conducts surveys and estimates the number of canals and drains (both on the surface and underground) that require clearing. It also organizes a meeting to exchange views, experiences, problems, and difficulties during the disaster. Immediately after a disaster strikes, DCC sends a report outlining the estimated work required to the relevant departments, along with commentary. Additionally, DCC deploys 25 medical teams that move from camp to camp and are sufficiently equipped with oral saline, fever medicine, diarrhea medicine, and other primary health care supplies. In order to limit potential health crises, conservancy staffs of DCC provide clean temporary toilets, dispense bleaching powder, and spray insecticides to control mosquitoes and other pests. Relief materials like dry food, candles, purified drinking water, clothes, and saline water are distributed among the affected people. Relief and rehabilitation works are monitored, and emergency instructions are provided to other organizations and service departments, such as the Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (WASA), Fire Service, and Red Crescent. A display board is hung in the control room to tally the damage and needs in different parts of the DCC. In order to minimize loss, damage, and health risks during flooding, the DCC operates 500 wireless phone sets in the field and three control rooms at different parts of the city, where officers and staff work around the clock during actual events. The DCC also identifies safe centers and emergency shelters for evacuation, assigns responsibilities, and arranges disaster drills. Speedy dissemination of flood and cyclone forecasts to relevant officials and organizations is ensured by the Disaster Management Committee of the DCC. Various departments of DCC also make preparations and stock appropriate emergency items to help citizens respond to flooding and waterlogging. People are generally advised about how to increase their preparedness, including knowing how and when they will go to the nearest shelter, how and where they will register (with DCC, Ward Office) their families, what types of emergency food, materials, and help they may need, and whom they should contact during emergencies. In preparation, during July and August DCC arranges campaigns, meetings, and seminars at the ward level to increase awareness. Rajib Shaw, in Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia, 2016 2.4.2 Flood Risk Reduction Activities by DCCĭhaka City faces heavy rainfall, tornadoes, waterlogging, and flooding during the rainy season from July to October. Urban Risk, City Government, and Resilience Another flooding incident is described in Section 7.2. The licensee conducted remedial work on the building to avoid a recurrence of the water flooding. The activity removed was estimated at 10 MBq of 239Pu and 200 MBq of 241Pu which is, respectively, 10 and 2 times the legal reporting value. There was no activity release outside the building and no radiation exposures incurred by the workers. Historic plutonium contamination, possibly from underneath a floor liner, was removed by the flooding and dispersed over the laboratory floor. The water penetrated an old laboratory, which was under D&D. Michele Laraia, in Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies, 2021 7.29.11 Flooding Incident, July 6, 2001ĭuring a heavy rainfall, localized flooding some 15-cm-deep occurred outside a laboratory building and went beyond an outer door into the building. Radiological events impacting the public and/or the environment
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